December 2021, Vol. 248, No. 12

Features

More Transnational Oil Capacity Could Reduce Rail Shipments

The Enbridge Line 3 replacement pipeline, which delivers crude oil from Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, to Superior, Wisconsin, became fully operational on Oct. 1, increasing the pipeline’s capacity to 760,000 bpd. Before the replacement, Enbridge Line 3 had a capacity of about half that amount.    Because the Line 3 replacement project increases the capacity to import crude oil by pipeline from Canada, this pipeline could reduce the need to ship crude oil from Canada by other modes, especially rail.   U.S. crude oil imports from Canada have gradually increased over time and made up more than 60% of total U.S. crude oil imports in 2020. Most of this cr

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